External services Providers will be expected to partner with State of Hawaii, Department of Education (STATE) state office and Complex Area Superintendents (CAS), Hawaii State Public Charter School Commission (HSPCSC), school administrators, and school leadership teams to implement strategic actions and strategies as described in the Provider’s turnaround model to address the targeted areas in the Academic Plans for each school. All CSI and TSI schools will have a comprehensive needs assessment conducted during the current year which will be the basis for the school’s Academic Plan (school plan). Schools identified by their CAS or by the HSPCSC in need of additional targeted supports must also justify any request for external Provider services based on a needs assessment and approved Academic Plan. External Provider services must be collaboratively determined with the school and the CAS or HSPCSC. School transformation or school improvement is generally defined in research literature as a dramatic and comprehensive intervention in a low-performing school that produces significant gains in student achievement within two academic years. At the same time, transformation must also prepare the school for the lengthier, subsequent and continuing process of transforming into a high-performing school organization.