Specifications include, but are not limited to: • Using a combination of literature review, utility surveys/case studies, and lab study, investigate how wastewater monitoring using next-generation analytical methods (i.e., amplicon sequencing, genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) can be applied for understanding, optimization, troubleshooting, and control of biological nutrient removal (BNR) processes. • Identify case studies of successful application of microbial population monitoring for wastewater treatment processes using next-generation methods, with remediation strategies and lessons learned. • Develop an up-to-date guidance document for use by treatment plant process control and operations staff to implement next-generation analytical methods. • Identify high-priority research gaps that impede robust and consistent application of next generation analytical methods for understanding and monitoring BNR processes.