Specifications include, but are not limited to: The required services include historic and pre-contact (Native American) archeological resource reviews and knowledge of related fields that may assist and/or relate to information on archaeology. Knowledge and information related to and supporting archaeology is commonly obtained from associated work in socio-cultural anthropology including indigenous American populations, history, oral history, archival studies, document research, landscape studies, botany (floral analysis), faunal analysis including zoology and zoo archaeology, human osteology, soil science, remote sensing, geology (structural & physical), surficial geology, geomorphology (Pleistocene & Holocene), and geography (locational & spatial analysis).; Archaeology is typically divided temporally into historic and pre-contact (Native American) archaeology. Historic archaeology is generally recognized as the time beginning with significant European contact in the United States. It is characterized by the introduction of written records that assist in explaining archaeological features and artifacts recovered from excavations. Examples of historic archaeological contexts are industrial archaeology, maritime archaeology, early tourism, farming, etc. ; Historic archaeological review may require a great depth of background research acquiring and incorporating information from local or state historical societies, University of Vermont (UVM) Silver Special Collections, conducting interviews with local historians, residents and landowners as well utilizing on-line resources including but not limited to the Landscape Change Program database and the Division for Historic Preservation’s (DHP’s) Online Resource Center (ORC) database. At times the consultant may need to rely more heavily on the various methods and techniques used in pre-contact archaeology because little first-hand information (oral history, contemporary documents) survives for examination.; An ARA will consist minimally of the following elements: 1. Background Research including: a. Defining the project location using resources such as, Google and historic maps (ex: Beers, Wallings, Sanborn, etc.); b. Completed Environmental Predictive Model; c. VDHP’s Online Resource Center (ORC),(Town, Archaeological Inventory, Historic Sites & Structures, National Register, SHPO USGS maps with known sites plotted, etc.); d. Appropriate on-line or other archival research as necessary especially when researching historic contexts or sites.; e. Interviews with local informants, landowners, Native Americans as appropriate as well as coordination with the project engineer.; 2. Site visit that must include the following: a. Walkover of project area, assessment and documentation of land forms, features, obvious disturbances, etc.; b. Soil core testing to determine areas of sensitivity and disturbance.; c. Photographic documentation of the project area and sensitive areas.; 3. ARA Report: This will be a thorough and concise report combining the initial background research information and results of the field inspection.; The consultant will include at minimum: 1. Location map of the project area; 2. ORC map of the project area to support narrative of archaeological sensitivity or absence of.; 3. Historic maps as necessary to support recommendations
