Specifications include, but are not limited to:The objective of this research is to develop live-bed and clear-water contraction scour equations suitable for use in risk-based bridge design for a wide range of hydraulic conditions, contraction ratios, and bed material (cohesive, non-cohesive and rock–see Special Note H) and gradation uniformities.The research may include, but not be limited to:Definition of contraction ratioSummary of limitations/applicability of existing data sets and approachesMultiple modeling techniques such as physical and CFDValidation of modelsHydraulic force decay on bedBed scour resistance/geotechnical issuesApplicability to new vs existing bridges Relationship to other scour components Applicability to 1D and 2D modeling given 2D data Entrance conditions and angle of attack