Specifications include, but are not limited to: The objectives of this research are to (1) identify and document the consequences and significant impacts of federal funding uncertainty on state DOTs, other transportation agencies, and stakeholders and (2) present how these agencies have responded and adapted to these uncertainties. The research should address: · The recent history of federal funding, summarizing how federal funding certainty has changed, including the number of continuing resolutions, the resolution time-frames, and the relationship between funding apportionment and obligation levels. · The nature and extent of impacts on the current and future transportation system that can be attributed to funding uncertainty. · The immediate and long-term consequences for state DOTs, other transportation agencies, and decision-makers of federally funded, multimodal transportation (e.g., financial planning, asset management, performance management, fund distribution, and planning and programming). · The nature and extent of impacts of federal transportation funding uncertainty on other sectors of the economy and stakeholders, including the general public. Responses to funding uncertainties, including risk management, deferred investments, alternative non-federal funding sources, and other strategies.