Specifications include, but are not limited to: The objective of this research is to develop a framework for practitioners (e.g., transportation infrastructure owners, safety agencies, road users, and ADS manufacturers) to use in current and future safety planning, design, operational decisions, and investments on multimodal infrastructure. The framework should include processes and procedures to facilitate the safe, phased integration of ADS under different contexts, and address timeframes, risks, and opportunities for the safe integration of ADS. At a minimum, the research should also address the following topics: 1. Standards and practices for roadway planning, design, and operations; 2. Human factors and road user interactions; 3. Road user behavior; 4. Impacts of mixed modes, vehicle fleets, and different levels of autonomy; 5. Impacts on law enforcement and emergency response; 6. Education (e.g., for operators, police, vehicle dealers); 7. Data (e.g., safety data, reporting, key performance indicators needed); 8. Digital infrastructure (e.g., cybersecurity, mapping, redundancy); 9. Communication between legacy and ADS vehicles (of various levels) and the infrastructure; and 10. Legislative and regulatory issues
