The Contractor shall develop brake-duty cycles for representative off-road vehicles in California, such as bulldozers, graders, loaders, dump trucks, harvesters, agricultural tractors, etc. In the development of the duty cycles, factors potentially correlated with brake wear emissions shall be accounted for, such as vocation type, vehicle weights, braking duration and events, brake system technologies, friction materials, etc. Real-time monitoring of PM2.5 and PM10 mass, total hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides (NOx), and relevant gaseous pollutant compounds during testing cycles will be conducted. PM filter samples for both gravimetric and a suite of chemical speciation and oxidative stress analyses shall be collected. Gaseous samples shall be collected for analyses of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAH).