Specifications include, but are not limited to: roadway improvement projects, transportation alternative projects (i.e., bike, pedestrian, transportation enhancement, and safe routes to school projects) and commuter park-and-ride projects. Design components associated with these projects might include, but will not necessarily be limited to, grading, drainage, demolition, pavement, concrete, driveways, sidewalks, ramps, traffic signals, intelligent traffic systems (ITS), signage, striping, storm drain, street lights, landscaping, landscape irrigation, aesthetic elements, pedestrian improvements/amenities, bus shelters, surveying, bridges, block walls, environmental, and utility undergrounding. These projects also often include utility (including water and wastewater) upgrades, installation and/or rehabilitation in the same project areas as the transportation-related improvements. Other tasks that a design consultant might be asked to perform include alignment studies, design concept reports, environmental studies, environmental clearances, cost estimating, legal descriptions and exhibits, geotechnical reports, drainage reports, utility coordination, and public outreach. Transportation projects differ from the other projects in that transportation needs drive the project and are the emphasis.