Specifications include, but are not limited to: PWD seeks proposals from consultants and university researchers with demonstrated experience in conducting lead-related and copper-related scale analyses. The principal investigator (PI) must be capable of performing scale analyses and preparing samples for more complex testing. The PI must be able to provide general consultation during the contract when asked for assistance on issues with pipe scale analysis and interpretation of data. The PI will present a workshop on lead and copper chemistry as it relates to scale formation. This may include the use of Pourbaix and solubility models such as Minteq to allow for prediction of scale formation. In addition to general theory, the workshop will address PWD's specific predicted scales based on PWD water chemistry, which may be different for different water treatment plants. The PI will provide a workshop on methodology and procedures for pipe and fixture scale analysis, including harvesting and preserving the material, preparing the scales, and analysis methods. This will include a discussion of relevant PWD lab capabilities. The PI will provide training to prepare PWD lab staff on scale analysis. This will involve working with staff in Philadelphia as well as allowing PWD staff to visit the PI's facility to witness scale preparation. The PI will send trained personnel to PWD's lab to work with them on scale preparation after preliminary training is completed. The PI must be within a day’s drive (approximately 8 hours) of Philadelphia for PWD staff to be able to transport samples and testing supplies within a reasonable time frame.