Specifications include, but are not limited to: CULVERT MAINTENANCE 2018 (PHASE I). When the area to be backfilled has standing water, the area shall be drained or pumped until dry. Saturated unstable material shall be removed from the base. If a suitable draining or pumping procedure cannot produce a dry area, an approved granular material shall be deposited to an elevation above the water level. The Contractor shall use all available suitable backfill material before obtaining borrow. Backfill for areas which provide support for any subsequent surface or base course, which includes the area directly below the pavement section of the bridge approach slab, shall be constructed in accordance with the requirements for Class III embankment. The material shall be compacted to optimal stiffness as defined by a deflection target value established by the Engineer.