Specifications include, but are not limited to: Examine and discuss geographical features and geomorphology of Italy and Greece, and discuss their influence in shaping their spatial layout, and economy of Italian and Greek Cities; 2. Trace the evolution, growth, of various types of Roman and Greek cities from their initial stages 2,500 years ago to the present time and explore the issues of sustainable urban and regional planning; 3. Examine and observe the results of alternative ways of planning and organizing the built environment as this is demonstrated in various large and small urban, rural, and island cities and communities in Italy and Greece; 4. Observe and gain understanding of New Urbanism, compact and infill development, organization of Public Transportation Networks, organization of urban, rural, island communities’ built, and economic environments; 5. Observe and gain understanding of the economic organization of space in Greek and Italian Cities in the context of Urban, rural, and islanded communities and within the framework of the tourism, renewable energy, and service industries