Specifications include, but are not limited to: GRAPHITE FURNACE The instrument must include the following: 1. Longitudinal Zeeman background correction to correct for high or structured background without the need for an optical polarizer 2. Traverse heating of graphite tubes 3. Heating rates up to 2600°C/s independent of input line voltage. PHOTOMETER The instrument must include the following: 1. Fully automated photometer settings assuring ease of operation and reproducibility 2. True double-beam operation where sample and reference beams are measured simultaneously. 3. Wavelength range of at least 190 to 900 nm, covered by a segmented solid-state detector designed for AAS to enhance signal-to-noise ration and lower detection limit. FURNACE AUTOSAMPLER The autosampler must include the following: 1. It must be hinged to the instrument, allowing easy access to the furnace. 2. Digital stepper motor driven displacement pumps for maximum pipetting accuracy. 3. Random access of analysis solutions.